Abstract: The space-based ultraviolet imaging is one of the principal approaches for the solar observation. In order to meet the requirements of the high resolution and lightweight imaging for the ultraviolet space-based remote sensing system, the single mirror computational imaging system for the space-based ultraviolet remote sensing is studied in this paper. By combining the idea of the “optical mirror design” and the “computational imaging”, the optical system design using the spherical surface, the sixth-order even order aspheric surface, the tenth-order even order aspheric surface, the Q-type surface, and the Zernike polynomial surface are carried out, respectively, together with the computational imaging based on the Fourier lamination super-resolution. It is shown that the designed systems with the algorithmic image reconstruction can achieve a circular field view up to 5.4° and a resolution better than 0.11 mm at the ultraviolet wavelength of 135 nm. The reflective sixth-order even order aspheric surface system enjoys certain comprehensive advantages.