Abstract: In order to improve the reliability of the spacecraft assembly and to meet the demands of fast development, this paper, based on the features of satellite assembly process, proposes a new application of FMEA by use of five parameters, i.e., severity, occurrence, detectability, risk priority number, and criticality, to evaluate in a table form the potential failure modes regarding satellite subsystems, satellite cabins, technical tests, and the key control processes. With the reliability index of the evaluated objects at hand, preventive measures can be taken against the respective failure modes.