Abstract: Space debris poses a serious threat to the orbiting spacecraft and the observation of the surface damage of the ISS/STS retrievable components reveals a high frequency of impacts. Due to the deteriorated space debris environment, the spacecraft protection becomes more and more important. This paper reviews the recent development of the space debris protection research, including the space debris environment model, the risk assessment, the spacecraft component damage prediction, the protection materials & structure HVI tests, the HVI database construction, the HVI launch technology, the in-situ impact sensor development, the cross-calibration of HVI facilities. Some suggestions are made of China’s future space debris protection researches.