Abstract: Thermal survey for the lunar surface environment, as one of the major tasks in China’s Lunar Exploration Project, is of great technological and scientific significance. In this article, the main physical parameters for the thermal environment on lunar surface are identified from engineering perspective, and the current technological conditions and the requirements related with lunar investigation are analyzed. A comprehensive review on the measurement of thermophysical properties of materials is made, especially on thermal environment detection techniques for planet surfaces and their applications. An analysis of critical techniques concerning lunar thermal measurement is conducted. The preliminary specifications, assignments and feasible design schemes for lunar thermal detection devices are proposed.