Abstract: To ensure the on-orbit working precision of the electric thruster, an approach for on-orbit electric thruster calibration based on MME/KF algorithm is proposed in this paper. This approach includes three steps. First, the electric thrusters are dictated by an on-board control system to stabilize the satellite attitude while a periodic torque is imposed on the satellite from a reaction wheel. Secondly, the observation of gyro is used to estimate the angular acceleration based on MME algorithm. Thirdly, KF algorithm is used to calibrate the electric thruster. The numerical results indicate that the proposed approach can improve the calibration precision of the thruster not only in the general thrust, but also in the micro-thrust.