Abstract: The protective fairings designed to bear the brunt of heating are generally jettisoned at an altitude of above 110 km. However, a satellite may work at an altitude of below 67 km. This paper studies the specific conditions in the low-altitude environment, focusing on the failure mechanism of multilayer insulation (MLI) affected by ascent airflow. The results show that the failure of MLI is due to the combined action of shearing force and material’s expansive force. A shielding scheme for MLI is put forward based on the analysis and is validated by the experiment in wind tunnel. The shielding measurement for MLI is confirmed by the real flights.