Abstract: With the increasing demand of vacuum thermal tests of spacecraft, the (temperature) measurement and the control system is required to expand its capabilities, including heat flux simulation accuracy, rate, modes, the number of channels, and system functions. In order to meet this development trend and enhance the reliability, security, usability, expansibility of software, this paper presents a new software architecture design of the measurement and control system based on the existing hardware resources and the system requirements. The hierarchical design and the module division in the architecture design are discussed in this paper. This architecture design can provide the code developers with sufficient guidance and restrictions, and serve as the foundation for concurrent code development.