Abstract: The vacuum support system is a key part of the service systems for space payloads, to provide a vacuum environment for payload experiments carried out onboard the space station. This paper analyzes the scheme of such a system taking the payloads in each experiment module onboard the International Space Station (ISS) as examples, including the US Destiny experiment module (USL), the ESA Columbus module (APM) and the Japanese experiment module (JEM). The vacuum service systems in the first Materials Science Research Rack (MSRR-1) and the microgravity Combustion Integrated Rack (CIR) are demonstrated in detail. A preliminary scheme for the coming space station of China is proposed. By arranging the payload experiments in order, and combining the waste gas exhaustion subsystem and the vacuum resource subsystem, the resource can be saved and the reliability enhanced.