空间碎片撞击在轨感知技术研究综述

A review of studies of onboard sensor systems for space debris impact on spacecrafts

摘要: 随着航天发射活动的日益频繁，空间碎片环境随之恶化。为了应对空间碎片的撞击威胁，人们提出了用空间碎片撞击在轨感知系统实时监测航天器在轨遭受空间碎片撞击的情况。文章在对国内外相关研究机构研究成果的调研基础上，介绍了国内外在空间碎片撞击在轨感知技术领域的研究现状，对各国基于超高速撞击声发射技术的空间碎片撞击在轨感知技术的发展状况进行了全面评述，重点介绍了国内的研究进展。最后基于国内航天事业需要，探讨了未来发展方向。

Abstract: With the increase of space activities, the space debris environment becomes deteriorated. To deal with the threat from space debris, a new concept of the onboard monitoring system is to locate the position of the impact point and evaluate the effects of the impact in real time. This paper reviews the studies at home and abroad in the field of onboard monitoring technologies, especially, those based on acoustic emission (AE) technology, focusing on the domestic research progress. The new trends of the development are discussed according to the actual development demands of China space programs.