Abstract: The spacecraft vacuum thermal test is one of the crucial procedures during the spacecraft design. Along with the booming development of the China’s space industry, a large number of the spacecraft vacuum thermal tests were carried out and the requirements for the measurement and control system during the thermal test are getting higher. Characteristics, challenges and applications of the measurement and control system in the spacecraft vacuum thermal test are discussed in this paper. The development trend of the measurement and control system in the spacecraft vacuum thermal test is predicted.