Abstract: To address engineering challenges including dynamic model validation of large and complex flexible appendages, optimization of shock test specifications, tailoring of burn-in testing requirements for electronic units, and optimization of mechanical and thermal test strategies for constellation satellites, the latest NASA General Environmental Verification Standard (GSFC STD 7000B, GEVS), the Chinese Spacecraft Mechanical and Thermal Test Standards (CSMTS), and related technical literature were systematically investigated. On this basis, the technical requirements and test conditions for modal survey tests, vibroacoustic tests, mechanical shock tests, and thermal tests were compared and analyzed. In addition, differences in thermal test strategies for constellation satellites between domestic and international approaches were specifically examined. Finally, based on the comparative analysis results, recommendations were proposed for the engineering application and future revision of China’s spacecraft mechanical and thermal test standards.