超低轨道吸气式电推进技术研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospects of VLEO air-breathing electric propulsion

    摘要
  • 摘要: 近年来，超低轨道（VLEO）吸气式电推进技术（ABEP）成为热门研究方向。该技术通过集气装置捕获超低轨道大气，利用电推进技术将捕获到的气体进一步电离、加速、喷出以产生推力。但该技术在实现工程应用之前仍需解决诸多技术难题。文章从VLEO大气环境出发，介绍各有关国家VLEO吸气式电推进卫星的发展及未来计划，阐述集气装置的研究进展，对比不同类型氮氧工质电推力器的特点及其研究现状。针对当前国内外电推力器的研究现状，从系统构型设计、制作材料与工艺选择、地面环境模拟等方面总结吸气式电推进技术中的十项关键技术，并对未来研究的重点方向进行展望。

     

    Abstract: In recent years, air-breathing electric propulsion (ABEP) for very low Earth orbit (VLEO) has become a prominent research focus. ABEP systems utilize intake devices to collect atmospheric particles in situ; these particles are ionized and accelerated by electric propulsion to generate thrust. Despite its potential, ABEP faces substantial engineering challenges. The VLEO atmospheric environment, the global development status of ABEP satellites, and recent advancements in intake device design are reviewed in this paper. A comparative analysis of electric thrusters using nitrogen-oxygen propellants is presented. Moreover, ten critical ABEP technologies – including system configuration, material selection, and ground-based simulation – are identified. Finally, key future research directions are outlined.

     

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