Abstract: To enhance the efficiency of human-machine collaboration in lunar surface exploration missions and reduce astronauts’ workload, this study proposes an interface design methodology that integrates Ecological Interface Design (EID) theory with the Stimulus-Response Compatibility Principle (SRCP). Using the lunar regolith water ice exploration mission as a case study, the operational workflow and astronauts’ cognitive structures are analyzed, and both a astronaut-rover collaborative model based on the decision ladder (DL) and a workspace analysis model for the lunar rover system are developed. Based on analyzing the characteristics of visual information types and formats, specific interface design guidelines are proposed. This methodology emphasizes improving perception-action mapping consistency, reducing workload, and enhancing task execution efficiency, thereby providing a robust framework for designing complex human-machine interfaces, especially in extreme environments.