Abstract: A dynamic topology optimization process for the load-bearing structure of liquid rocket engines was presented in this study. This study addressed the challenges of designing these structures under complex vibration and shock conditions, with a focus on environmental adaptability and lightweight design requirements. The process incorporated a comprehensive optimization approach encompassing static, dynamic, and random vibration aspects, ensuring multi-condition and multi-objective design. Static analysis-derived total compliance served as a constraint in the random vibration optimization stage. Dynamic optimization focused on optimizing the natural frequencies to avoid resonance in the low-frequency modes, thereby improving the structural seismic performance. Parametric sensitivity analysis and the OptiStruct platform ensured efficient convergence and stability under complex loading conditions. By integrating dynamic stiffness, vibration response, and mass constraints, the optimized design achieved a 30% reduction in overall mass while meeting environmental adaptability requirements. The first-order natural frequency and dynamic response characteristics of the optimized load-bearing structure were significantly improved. The developed process serves as a reference for the optimization design of complex structures in liquid rocket engines in the future.