Abstract: To enhance the measurement precision of space debris in orbit, a simulation platform for a spaceborne laser detection system was developed, drawing on existing research in spaceborne infrared and radar detection techniques. The platform was based on the principle of single-photon detection. Under optimal conditions of the detection probability model, the error factors in detecting space debris with this system were examined. Simulation experiments and measurement precision analyses were conducted. The findings indicate that the spaceborne laser detection system can improve the measurement precision of space debris from the kilometer level to within 100 meters. The study may serve as a reference for future advancements in spaceborne laser detection of space debris in China.