微重力环境的混合悬浮模拟及其熔炼加工应用

Mixed levitation simulation in microgravity environment and its application to melting processing

  • 摘要: 为解决单一悬浮法在模拟微重力环境时样品不稳定的问题,提出一种气悬浮结合超声驻波悬浮的混合悬浮系统。该系统利用气浮支撑力抵消竖直方向上的重力作用,通过超声驻波场的声辐射压力维持样品在垂直于重力方向上的稳定。通过有限元分析法研究系统关键构件的结构参数对轴向气浮支撑力和超声驻波场中最大声压的影响,结果发现:锥角扩散型喷嘴提供的轴向气浮支撑力随球喉直径比的增大而减小,随喷嘴扩散角的增大先迅速增强后趋于稳定;超声驻波场的最大声压随反射端直径和凹球面半径的增大先升高后降低。混合悬浮下的熔炼加工实验表明,该系统能够较好维持样品悬浮状态下的稳定性。

     

    Abstract: To address the issue of sample instability in single levitation methods used to simulate microgravity environments, this paper introduced a mixed levitation system that combined air levitation with ultrasonic standing wave levitation. The system employed air levitation to counteract gravitational forces in the vertical direction and utilized the acoustic radiation pressure of an ultrasonic standing wave field to ensure stability perpendicular to gravity. Finite element analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of key component structural parameters on the axial air-bearing support force and the maximum acoustic pressure within the ultrasonic standing wave field. The analysis revealed that the axial air float support force, provided by a cone-angle diffusion nozzle, decreases with increasing spherical throat diameter ratio and increases rapidly before stabilizing with larger nozzle diffusion angles. The maximum acoustic pressure in the ultrasonic standing wave field initially increases with the diameter of the reflection end and the radius of the concave spherical surface, followed by a decrease. Melting process experiments under mixed suspension demonstrate the system’s effectiveness in maintaining sample stability.

     

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