空间尘粒静电除尘模块设计与试验验证

Design of electrostatic field precipitation module and experimental verification for space particle removal

  • 摘要: 针对航天员在轨出舱活动归舱时可能将空间环境中的污染物携带进入空间站内的风险,研究通过等离子体环境对空间尘粒荷电,并对被荷电尘粒进行静电场集尘(electrostatic field precipitation, EFP)。首先分析空间尘粒的静电荷电与静电吸附机理,进行前端尘粒荷电计算;然后引入多依奇(Deutsch)捕集效率模型,以影响EFP模块捕集效率的关键参数——风速、结构参数和激励电压为对象进行仿真研究,确定了EFP模块的参数设计;最后对按照设计参数加工的EFP模块进行试验验证,结果表明该模块的尘粒捕集效率可达85%以上,满足了对空间尘粒亚高效过滤清除的需求,可为空间尘粒清除装置的进一步开发提供参考。

     

    Abstract: To study the risk of space particles entering the space station from astronauts’ extra vehicular activities (EVA) , a method of charging space particles through plasma and trapping them by electrostatic field precipitation (EFP) was proposed. Firstly, the charging and trapping mechanisms of space particles were analyzed, and the front-end particle charge was calculated. Then, the Deutsch trapping efficiency model was introduced to simulate the key parameters such as wind speed, structure, and excitation voltage, which might affect the trapping efficiency of EFP module, and the parameter design of the EFP module was determined. Finally, the EFP module processed according to the design parameters was verified by experiments. It is shown that the trapping efficiency of the module can reach up to 85%, which meets the demand for sub-efficient filtration and removal of space particles. The proposed research may provide a reference for the further development of space particle removal device.

     

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