Abstract: For the vibration damping of the spacecraft in the process of railway transport, the traditional wire rope vibration reduction system is often designed in a customized way and it is not very effective for the damping of the low-frequency vibrations. Therefore, a general modular compound vibration unit is developed, which can be applied to different spacecrafts. The vibration damping factor under different load conditions is controlled by adjusting the pressure of the air spring and the flow resistance. On the basis of the development and the test verification of the unit in the component level, the full vibration reduction system is developed and the traffic running test is carried out. It is shown that the damping ratio can continuously vary in the range between 0.18 and 0.29. Compared with the traditional steel wire rope damping system, the vibration response in the transportation process can be significantly reduced. Vibrations in a frequency as low as 8 Hz to 15 Hz band can also be effectively weakened, to provide guarantee for the safe transportation of spacecraft with large load of over 3000 kg.