Abstract: The satellite antenna needs to be tested on the ground for the thermal deformation at simulated high and low temperatures of the space environment before the launching of the satellite. According to the environment and the measurement equipment, the thermal deformation of the satellite antenna at high and low temperatures can be measured in the ambient pressure or in the vacuum. The working mode and the application range of the vacuum tank and the high & low temperature measurement in the atmospheric chamber are presented in this paper. In addition, the characteristics of the high & low temperature thermal deformation measurement, the influencing factors for the errors, and the existing problems, are discussed. Finally, the future developments of the high & low temperature thermal deformation measurement of the satellite antenna are suggested.