Abstract: The satellite charging and discharging is an important cause of the abnormality and the failure of orbiting satellites. Apart from the secondary discharge of the solar cell array, the electromagnetic interference generated in the discharging process is the main cause of the equipment abnormality and failure. This paper studies experimentally the surface charging and deep charging and discharging effects related to the medium- and high-orbit environment for typical satellite-borne optical equipment, to obtain the basic characteristics of the surface and deep charging and discharging, related to the abnormality of the equipment. The results can not only help the charging and discharging protection design of this instrument, but also provide a certain reference for the similar protection design of other susceptible payloads.