Abstract: Due to the lack of the magnetic field and the atmosphere, the high energy cosmic ray particles bombarding the lunar soil can induce a unique strong neutron radiation, which poses a potential threat to the astronauts and the electronic equipment. In this paper, the Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the spectrum characteristics of the secondary neutrons produced by the reactions between the cosmic ray particles and the lunar regolith components. It is shown that the flux of the secondary neutrons induced by the energetic cosmic ray particles first increases and then decreases with the increase of the depth of the lunar soil, and reaches the maximum at a depth of about 1 m. The deeper the lunar regolith is, the greater the contribution of the neutrons induced by the galactic cosmic rays will be. The relevant results can provide a reference for the radiation protection design of China’s subsequent manned lunar exploration missions.