Abstract: In the context of the spacecraft protection against centimeter-scale space debris, this paper proposes the concept of a flexible shield, which can be rapidly inflated and deployed in the orbit for the protection against space debris. With the combination of the multiple crushing and the gas ablation deceleration of large spacing flexible bumper, the protection capability can be greatly enhanced. Based on the analysis of the development of flexible structures at home and abroad for space debris protection, the system configuration and the working principle of the concept system are discussed, as well as the key technologies of the flexible space debris shield of allowing rapid inflatable deployment. The results can be used for the follow-up studies of the space-based kinetic energy protection for China’s high-valued spacecraft.