Abstract: In view of the technical risks in the spacecraft thermal environmental test, this paper studies to explore the method for the technical risk identification, assessment, analysis and control in the spacecraft thermal environmental test. The FTA method is adopted to analyze the common quality problems, with a graphical method for the inner links between the underlying job actions and the common quality problems. Based on the development scheme, in the thermal test process, the risk severity of the bottom-level actions is assessed. Then, the risk control matrix is established against the bottom-level operation risk, It is shown by practice that the technical risks in the spacecraft thermal test process are effectively controlled with the above method, and thus enhance the spacecraft thermal test capability.with the above method, and thus enhance the spacecraft thermal test capability.