Abstract: In this paper, the 3D shape data of high-speed impact process are acquired with the proposed 3D measurement system, which takes the two-stage light gas gun as the loading equipment for high-speed impact projectile, and adopts the structural light projection approach of Fourier transform profilometry. The system consists of a fringe projection part of the designed Kola illumination system, and a high-speed photoelectric camera with a million-level frame rate for recording the modulated phase information reflecting the shape deformation. The 3D coordinates of the armor pierced target surface are calculated from the calibrated phase height mapping parameters and the analyzed phase data of the high-speed captured images for different times. The experimental results show that with this method, the 3D geometric deformation in the hypervelocity impact experiment with a bullet speed up to 2.976 km/s can be measured, to provide real 3D geometric data for the design of spacecraft protective structures and the analysis of detonation & armor piercing characteristics.