空间核爆对地面与航天活动的影响

Impact of space nuclear explosion on ground and space activities

摘要: 空间核爆具有与地面及大气核爆完全不同的物理过程、景观现象与引发效应。空间核爆导致的核电磁脉冲、瞬时能量沉积、附加电离层、人造辐射带可以造成弹道导弹和卫星的毁伤、电子设施瘫痪、电力和网络系统被切断、无线电通信受到干扰等；其软杀伤能力显著，对日常生活和正常活动会产生一系列影响。文章综述了空间核爆的物理效应及其对地面与航天活动的影响，以为后续研究提供参考。

Abstract: The space nuclear explosion undergoes a completely different physical process from the ground or atmospheric nuclear explosions, with different landscape phenomenon and other induced effects. It may trigger instantaneous nuclear electromagnetic pulses, instant energy depositions, an additional ionized layer, and an extra artificial radiation belt, with some destructive results, such as the damaged missiles or satellite, the paralyzed power and network system, and the interference with radio communications in a target area. The soft killing capabilities of the space nuclear explosion are significant, with a series of effects on the daily life and the normal activities. This paper reviews the physical effects of the space nuclear explosion and its influence on the ground and space activities, to provide some guidance for the subsequent studies.