Abstract: To ensure the operation of the Mars rover on the Mars’ surface, it is necessary to simulate on the ground the thermal environment with wind on the Mars surface, such as the speed and the direction of the wind, as well as the gas temperature, composition, and the pressure of the gas. The simulation and the measurement are carried out for the low-pressure wind speed, the pressure control, and the temperature control. With the existing KM3E chamber as a basic configuration, we add the specially designed fans, the runners, the pressure control systems,the gas temperature control system, and the attitude adjustment system for the Mars rover sample, for the thermal environment simulation of the Mars surface. The wind thermal balance test of the Mars rover is successfully conducted, and the performance of the Mars thermal control system is verified, to support the modification of the thermal analysis model of the Mars rover.