载人航天器密封舱内双火源火灾烟气蔓延数值分析

Numerical analysis of smoke propagation from double fire sources in sealed cabin of manned spacecraft

  • 摘要: 在微重力条件下,载人航天器密封舱内火灾烟气运动规律与常重力条件下不同,给及时发现并扑救火灾增加了难度。文章采用FDS软件模拟双火源位于载人航天器内底面、侧面和顶面时受舱室内通风气流影响下的火灾烟气蔓延情况。结果表明:双火源位置对舱室内烟气浓度分布影响明显,双火源位于舱室侧面时,烟气受回旋气流的影响在竖直方向的蔓延速度较快。建议在大热耗仪器及回风口附近适当高度安放火灾探测器。采用多项式函数对通风条件下双火源位于侧面与顶面时平均烟气浓度在典型时段内变化过程进行了拟合,得到其拟合计算公式。且能较精确的反应出烟气浓度的变化情况。

     

    Abstract: In the case of fire in the sealed cabin of the manned spacecraft, the movement of the smoke under the microgravity condition is different from that under the normal gravity condition, which increases the difficulty of spotting and extinguishing the fire timely. In this paper, the FDS software is used to simulate the fire smoke spreading under the influence of the cabin ventilation for an imaginary double fire source located on the bottom, the sidewall and the upper surface of the sealed cabin of a manned spacecraft. The results indicate that the position of the double fire source has a significant influence on the distribution of the smoke concentration in the cabin. When the double fire source is located on the sidewall of the cabin, the smoke is accelerated in the vertical direction due to the influence of the swirling airflow. Therefore, it is recommended to be near the high heat consumption instrument and the return air inlet. The polynomial function is used to fit the variations of the average smoke concentration in the typical time period when the double fire source is located on the side and the top surface under ventilated conditions. The calculated result from the obtained fitting formulas conforms well to the result of the simulation. And it can accurately reflect the change of flue gas concentration.

     

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