Abstract: For the new type unmanned space shuttle, it is essential to use composite structural materials. The electrostatic protection characteristics of the composite structure in spacecraft differs greatly from those of the traditional metallic spacecraft structure. In this paper, such characteristics are studied from the aspects of the electrostatic characteristics of materials and the electrostatic protection design. It is shown that the bearing structure made of carbon fiber composite, a kind of electrostatic conductive material, can meet the antistatic requirement. After the spacecraft is landed on the ground, the accumulated static charges on the surface of its bearing structure can be released to the Earth by the electrostatic conductive tires, to realize the electrostatic protection of the spacecraft. By using the method of the local electrostatic discharge, the static charges on the thermal protective insulating materials can be eliminated, and the electrostatic level of the surface of the thermal protective system can be reduced to a safe level to ensure the operation safety for the ground personnel.