Abstract: The Chang’E-5 lunar lander is subjected to a considerable impact load during landing, and a high-thrust thruster is generally used to reduce its landing speed. In the thermal insulation component near the thruster, affected by the radiation and the plume, a temperature as high as 1000 ℃ would likely be reached within 140 seconds. In this paper, an infrared lamp under vacuum conditions is used to simulate the high temperature, with a nonlinear PID controller to control the temperature of the multilayer insulation for simulating the temperature boundary condition of the thruster. The dynamic characteristics of the infrared lamp heater are revealed by the high-precision fast temperature control algorithm. The high temperature simulation and control system is built in the vacuum chamber, and the test and the verification of the method are carried out. It is shown that for the target temperature of 970 ℃, the control algorithm ensures that the temperature of the multilayer insulation reaches its steady state in not more than 135 seconds, with an overshoot is smaller than 0.5 ℃, which means a good control effect in the actual test.