Abstract: For the space debris protection, it is always important to develop structures with good protection performance without increasing the volume or the mass of the protective configuration. In this paper, two kinds of protective configurations are designed. One contains a filled layer structure with another using the FRP-Al plate as the rear wall. By carrying out the hypervelocity impact test within the ballistic range, the differences of the protective capabilities among the two kinds of protective configurations and the Whipple structure of the same surface density are investigated. The diameter of the projectile is 4.0 mm, and the impact velocity is adjusted between 4.64 km/s and 4.8 km/s. Meanwhile, the numerical simulation is carried out by the Autodyne software. It is shown that the configuration using the FRP-Al plate as the rear wall performs better than the traditional Whipple shield, and the structure using the FRP plate as the filled layer performs even better. The preliminary conclusion can be drawn from the Autodyn simulation that the configuration tends to induce a shock wave oscillating in the rear wall, which may lead to a better protective capability.