Abstract: NASA drafted a 20yr+ roadmap for the development of nanotechnology and injected the related nanotechnologies into its launch missions. Those nanotechnologies are considered to enable a precise control of desired material properties, and after being fully utilized, could lead to the manufacture of smaller spacecrafts with better environmental applicability in the future. This paper follows the important projects concerned, include: 1) Advanced structural materials and their applications; 2) Energy generation and storage; 3) Thermal control materials and their applications; 4) Sensors, electronics and devices; 5) New patterns of propellant and propulsion.