Abstract: In the vacuum imaging test for sensors, usually only a single mode optical detection could be done when a detection device is assembled, and it takes a long time to establish the working conditions for imaging tests. In this paper, a three-dimensional optical detection device is designed, mainly for use in photoelectric comprehensive performance testing of small and medium caliber camera sensor systems in the environmental simulator. The operator can adjust the device accurately by translation, rotation and pitching so as to complete the single or multiple camera tests in a full field view. The vacuum imaging test verifies the scheme of the three-dimensional detection device.