Abstract: In order to enhance the accuracy of the photogrammetric method in the vacuum and cryogenic environment, we analyze the effect of the vacuum and cryogenic environment on the photogrammetry, and it is found that the optical window will reduce the measurement accuracy. To study the optical window in the control module in the practical environment, based on the principle of photogrammetry, the different influences on the photogrammetric measurements due to the increase of the optical medium and the change of the plane precision are analyzed by combined simulation and experiment methods. It is shown that the main effect of the optical window is to increase the optical media on the original light path, to change the light path, and the caused error and the accuracy of the photography measurement system are of the same order of magnitude, so this effect should be reduced by using other methods.