Abstract: A thermal control loop system with a reconfigurable structure for the space station is proposed, which contains independent low and moderate temperature inner loops and external loops. In this design, the negative effect of the radiator heat dissipation due to the low temperature of the low temperature inner loop could be alleviated. Furthermore, the loop structure could be reconfigured when the radiator of one external loop fails, to maintain part of the function. An unsteady simulation model of the thermal control loop is developed. Based on this model, the characteristics of the reconfigurable thermal control loop system with the normal pattern and the one loop failure working pattern are analyzed, including the temperatures at the controlling points and in the equipment, the flux distribution, the heat load level of the space station. According to the results, the heat dissipation level of the double external loop system is shown to be higher than that of a single-external loop system by 27%. When the radiator of one external loop fails, the heat dissipation of 1850W can be maintained, which can ensure the safety of the space station, indicating that the reconfigurable design can improve the system reliability.