Abstract: The vibration responses in three directions at six locations on a small satellite were measured with an on-board measurement system within a range of 2000 Hz. The analysis of the measurement data shows that the vibration modal characteristics and the vibration responses of the satellite at the powered-flight phase are different from those in the ground vibration test, the Pogo effect at 40 Hz is obvious, the resonant frequency is different, the horizontal response level is less than the longitudinal one, and the shock effect of the satellite-rocket separation is very small in the range of 2000 Hz. The comparison analysis shows that the ground vibration test method should be improved.